Gambling is an activity in which participants stake something of value on an outcome that depends on chance. Examples include sports betting, horse racing, poker, casino games, scratch cards and online gaming. Problem gambling can have serious negative repercussions for both an individual and their family; substance use disorders, marital issues, bankruptcy and suicide have been linked with it. An estimated 2.5 million adults (1%) in the U.S. meet diagnostic criteria for severe gambling disorders while another 8-10 million experience mild to moderate difficulties when gambling.
As many factors contribute to gambling proclivities, impulsivity stands out as the most decisive influencer of such behavior. Impulsivity may stem from sensation-seeking, boredom or depression – when an individual is predisposed towards gambling they are more likely to engage in it despite the odds against winning.
Gambling, unlike other risky activities, is rarely seen as enjoyable activity. Many find gambling to be tedious, frustrating and stressful; and its potential financial and reputational damage could even cause irreparable harm to relationships and social standing of its participant. Gambling addiction may become uncontrolled for some individuals leading them into criminal behavior such as theft, embezzlement or fraud.
Though some individuals may inherit an inclination for compulsive gambling, most develop it due to environmental and lifestyle influences. To better understand its causes, scientists have conducted extensive studies on the psychology of gamblers; specifically they’ve investigated why some individuals choose gambling over other activities and when such activity becomes problematic.
Pathological gambling has been studied using several models. These include behavioral-environmental considerations, the general theory of addictions and the reward deficiency syndrome model. While none of these models directly compare, they may provide useful clues as to its cause and treatment.
Individuals concerned about their or a loved one’s gambling habits can take steps to assist. First, they can establish guidelines in regards to managing money and review bank and credit card statements for evidence of possible problems. Additionally, they can consult with professionals about local referral resources for certified gambling counselors or intensive treatment programs in their area. Finally, they may seek support from others who have gone through similar experiences. An effective support network can be essential when it comes to dealing with gambling addiction. While it may feel isolating when dealing with someone with this condition, remembering it’s a prevalent problem and there are support groups available is vital in working through issues that are contributing to this addiction and repairing marriages, careers, finances and families that have been damaged as a result. Gamblers should never wager more money than they can afford to lose is also recommended.